Published
January 5, 2010
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While Canadians shivered and shovelled their way through an early December cold snap, Herbert Kasiita couldn't help but wonder whether there was a climate change connection between record cold temperatures in Alberta, snow emergencies in Ontario's Muskoka region, and recent extreme-weather episodes of floods and droughts in sub-Saharan Africa.
"Has it ever snowed so much, or been so cold, so early?" asked Kasiita, as he paused to jot down the information in his temporary office in the Ontario Veterinary College's Clinical Research building.
Kasiita, a veterinarian and faculty member at Makerere University in Uganda, is visiting the University of Guelph on a four-month exchange as part of an initiative launched by the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) in Waterloo. He is investigating the impacts of climate change on food security in eastern and southern Africa.
"Climate change is here. It is real. We are all affected by it," said Kasiita. "I'm looking at its effects in terms of trans-boundary animal diseases, whether they have increased in prevalence and incidence due to climate change, and how they affect food security in the region."
Climate change is creating conditions that allow zoonotic diseases such as Rift Valley fever and Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) to invade new territories. These diseases, spread by mosquitoes and tsetse flies, as well as a number of tick-borne illnesses, travel with livestock as pastoral communities move to new areas in search of better pasture for grazing, water and other resources.
"These diseases do not respect national borders," said Kasiita, a veterinary pathologist by training. "They have a serious impact on the livelihoods of pastoral people who depend on their animals for survival -- people who are already the most economically and politically marginalized in the region."
Kasiita arrived late in the fall and will spend another two months on research and building relationships with faculty at the OVC and U of G.
Prof. Cate Dewey, chair of the Department of Population Medicine, said the exchange may lay the groundwork for future collaborations in Africa as the OVC expands its teaching and research efforts in the growing field of ecosystem approaches to health.
"The opportunity to interact with a veterinarian from Uganda whose research is focused on the impacts of climate change on food security fits perfectly with our desire to expand our efforts in these areas," said Dewey.
The visit may also open doors in Africa for groups such as Global Vets and Veterinarians Without Borders. It also provides an opportunity to share information and broaden understanding of different cultural practices as well as the region's scientific needs, she added.
"If we can understand their approach to climate change and food security issues, that will help us figure out what we want to do to help expand agriculture and improve animal and human health in developing countries."